Hei umanga hangahanga e tohunga ana ki te whakaputangā peera poraka urunga, e whakaaro tonu ana mātou ki te kounga o te hua hei oranga mō tā mātou kamupene. Nō nā tata nei, i panuitia mana e tā mātou kamupene te otinga o tētahi whakahoutanga whānui o te pūnaha tirotiro, me te whakatū i tētahi tikanga tirotiro "tukanga-katoa, maha-ahu, ka taea te whai" mai i te whakaurunga rauemi mata ki te putanga o te hua kua oti. Ko te whāinga o tēnei kaupapa he whakarato i ngā hua peera kounga teitei ake, pono ake, me te pakari ake ki ngā kiritaki o te ao me ngā paerewa tirotiro pakari ake me ngā tukanga tirotiro tino whānui ake.
He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā peera urunga i roto i ngā mīhini ahuwhenua, ngā taputapu kawe waka, ngā mīhini keri, ngā taputapu hauhautanga, me ētahi atu. Ka pā tika tā rātou mahi ki te pumau me te roa o te ora o ngā taputapu. Hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga tino pakari o ngā āhuatanga mahi rerekē, ka whai pūmau tā mātou kamupene i ngā paerewa ahumahi pēnei i te GB/T 27555-2011 "Rolling Bearings – Bearing Caps with External Spherical Surfaces" me te JB/T 8875-2001, ā, ka whakatinanahia te mana kounga katoa-tukanga mō ia huinga peera. Ko te kaupapa matua o tēnei whakahoutanga pūnaha tirotiro koia ēnei:
1. Te tirotiro i ngā rauemi mata – Te whakahaere i te kounga mai i te pūtake
Ko ngā rauemi mata kounga teitei te tūāpapa o ngā peera kounga teitei. Ka tirotirohia e mātou ngā rauemi i ia puranga o te maitai me ngā whakarewa e tae mai ana, mā te whakamahi i ngā ine matawai tika a Thermo Scientific hei tātari tika i te hanganga matū o ngā anga peera me ngā huānga hurihuri (me te tika o te tātari huānga tae atu ki te 0.001%). Ka whakarite mātou kia tutuki te hanganga rauemi i ngā whakaritenga paerewa. I taua wā anō, mā roto i ngā whakamātautau pakeke, ka whakahaerehia e mātou te pikinga o te pakeke o te mata Rockwell (HRC 58-62) me te pakeke matua (HRC 25-35) hei whakarite kia tino ātete ki te kakahu me te pakari. Ka tirotirohia ngā taupoki whakarewa takitahi mō ngā hapa mata pēnei i ngā kapiti, ngā pūwero, me ngā kōhao whakaheke.
2. Te tika o te rahi me te āhua o ngā wāhanga – Te whai i te hiranga
Ko te tika o ngā taupoki peera me ngā mata porowhita o waho e whakatau tika ana i te kounga o te huihuinga me te mahi whakahaere. I te wā tukatuka wāhanga, ka whakamahia e mātou ngā taputapu ine taunga-toru a Mitutoyo (me te tika o te 1.5 μm) hei kohikohi me te whakamātautau i ngā raraunga maha-ahu mō te diameter o roto, te diameter o waho, te whānui, me te manawanui ki te kōhao nohoanga o ngā peera. I taua wā anō, ka whakamahia e mātou ngā ine porowhita me ngā mita kōtaha hei tātari tika i te porowhita, te porowhita, me ngā hapa āhua porowhita o ngā mowhiti o roto me waho o ngā peera. Ko ngā rerekētanga rohe o ngā ine matua pēnei i te teitei pokapū o te mata porowhita ka tino whakahaerehia i roto i te awhe paerewa. Mō te taratara o te mata, ka whakamahia e mātou ngā ine kōtaha mata toru-ahu a Keyence hei whakarite kia ≤ 0.2 μm te taratara o Ra.
3. Te tirotiro i te āputa porowhita me te tika o te hurihuri – Te whakarite kia maeneene te mahi
Ko te āputa porowhita me te tika o te hurihuri ngā tohu matua mō te ine i te mahi a ngā peera. Ka whakamahia e mātou te tikanga whakapā-toru-ira hei ine i te āputa porowhita o roto o ngā peera kia mau ai te whakahaere i roto i te awhe manawanui paerewa o te 0.05-0.15 mm, e ai ki ngā whakaritenga ISO5753:2009. Mō te whakamātautau tika o te hurihuri, ka whakamahia e mātou ngā ine whakawhiti laser hei kite i te oma tuaka (≤ 0.03 mm) me te oma porowhita (≤ 0.05 mm), kia pai ai te maeneene me te tika o ngā peera i te wā e tere ana te mahi.
4. Te tirotiro i te ngāwari hurihuri me te mahi hiri – Te whakatauira i ngā āhuatanga mahi tūturu
Ka pā tika te ngāwari o te hurihuri ki te whai huatanga o te mahi a ngā taputapu. I muri i te huihuinga o ia huinga peera, ka whakamatautauria te hurihuri ā-ringa me te kimi inenga me te whakamātautau taipana hei tirotiro mēnā he maeneene te hurihuri, kāore he piri, he tangi rerekē rānei. Mō te mahi hiri, ka whakamahia e mātou he papa whakamātautau hiri hei manatoko i te taumata tiaki IP65 o ngā peera, te whakatauira i ngā taiao puehu me te kohu wai mō te mahi tonu mō te 30 meneti, me te aromatawai i te ātete puehu me te wai o ngā mowhiti hiri me te hinu whakahinuhinu hei whakarite i te pono o ngā peera i roto i ngā āhuatanga mahi uaua.
5. Tātaritanga wiri me te haruru – Aromatawai whānui o te mahi hihiri
He mea nui ngā taumata wiri me te haruru hei aromatawai i te hauora o ngā peera. I whakauruhia e mātou te pūnaha tātari wiri a Bruel & Kjaer (me te whānuitanga auau o te 5Hz – 20kHz) me te tātari peera Schaeffler FAG hei kohikohi me te tātari i ngā ira wiri o ia huinga peera kua oti. Mā te whakatairite i ngā rohe ira o ngā paerewa o te ao pēnei i te ISO 15242, ka taea e mātou te tautuhi tika i ngā hapa o roto pēnei i te kino o te ara reihi, te kakahu koretake o ngā pōro, ngā hapa rānei o te whare herehere. Ka mau tonu ngā taumata wiri me te haruru iti i te wā e whakahaerehia ana e ngā peera kounga teitei noa.
Ono. Whakamātautau Utaina Hihiri me te Pumautanga – Manatoko i te Kaha Whakapūmau
Hei manatoko i te kaha o te amo me te roa o te mahi a ngā peera i raro i ngā āhuatanga mahi tūturu, i whakamahia e mātou te mīhini whakamātautau ngenge servo waipēhi Instron (me te kawenga mōrahi o te 250kN) hei whakahaere i ngā whakamātautau kawenga hihiri. I manatokohia e mātou te mahi a ngā peera i raro i ngā kawenga axial o te ≥ 1.5 ngā wā o te uara whakatauranga, ā, i whakarite kia kaua e neke ake i te 45℃ te pikinga pāmahana i te wā e mahi tonu ana mō te 200 hāora. I taua wā anō, i tatauhia e mātou te roa o te mahi whakatauranga i runga anō i te paerewa ISO 281:2007 kia ≥ 10,000 hāora te roa o te mahi a te L10.
VII. Tirotiro Āhua me te Tirotiro Whakamutunga o te Wheketere – Te Wāhi Tirotiro Kounga Whakamutunga
I mua i te otinga o te takai, me tirotirohia ia huinga peera mā te whakamahi i ngā karu tirotiro me ngā karu tirotiro whatu hei tirotiro i ngā hapa pēnei i te pakaru, te waikura, ngā karawarawa, ngā pakaru rānei i te mata. Ka tirotirohia hoki te kounga o te peita me te maimoatanga mata o te whare peera hei whakarite kia mārama, kia oti hoki ngā tohu me ngā mōhiohio takai. Ka whakamatautauria te uara aukume toenga hei whakarite kia tutuki i ngā ture o JB/T 6641. Ka tuhia ngā raraunga whakamātautau katoa i te wā tūturu, ka whakaurua ki te pūnaha hei whakatutuki i te "whaiaro waehere kotahi" - ka taea te whai i ia huinga peera i hangaia ki te puranga rauemi mata, te tukanga tukatuka, me ngā rekoata whakamātautau.
Te Whakapūmau a te Kaihoko
Ko te whakahoutanga whānui o te pūnaha whakamātautau he tino whakapau kaha ki te kaupapa "kounga tuatahi". Mai i te whakaurunga o ngā rauemi mata ki te otinga o te hua kua oti, ko ia tukanga, ko ia tawhā, me ia whakamātautau e hangai ana ki ngā paerewa o te ao me ngā hiahia o te kiritaki. E mārama ana mātou ko tā mātou e tuku atu nei ki ngā kiritaki ehara i te huinga whāriki noa iho, engari he whakapau kaha ki te whakahaere pumau o ngā taputapu.
Ā tōna wā, ka whakapai tonu mātou i te tukanga whakamātautau, ka whakauru hoki i ngā taputapu whakamātautau matatau hei whakarato i ngā ratonga kounga hua tino pai ki ngā kiritaki o te ao. Nau mai haere mai ki ngā kiritaki hou me ngā kiritaki tawhito ki te toro mai ki tā mātou wheketere hei ārahi, hei mātakitaki hoki i tā mātou whai i te kounga me te kore e mutu!